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Watchman Lookout Station
The Watchman Lookout Station No. 168 is one of two fire lookout towers in Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon. For many years, National Park Service personnel used the lookout to watch for wildfires during the summer months. It is also a popular hiking destination because it offers an excellent view of Crater Lake and the surrounding area. The building is unusual because it serves the dual purpose of fire lookout and museum. The Watchman Lookout Station is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
== History ==
The Watchman Lookout Station is located 8,025 feet above sea level on Watchman Peak, a high point on the western rim above Crater Lake.〔Greene, Linda W., ("Summary of Important Structures" ) ''Historic Resource Study Crater Lake National Park'', Oregon, Denver Service Center, National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior, Denver, Colorado, June 1984.〕〔Tweed, William C., Laura E. Soulliere, and Henry G. Law, ("Maturity Achieved: 1927–1932" ), ''Rustic Architecture: 1916 – 1942'', National Park Service, Western Regional Office, San Francisco, California, February 1977.〕 Watchman Peak was named by William Gladstone Steel in 1886 when he brought a survey team to Crater Lake to measure its depth.〔Sullivan, William L.,"The Watchman," ''Hiking Oregon's History'', Navillus Press, Eugene, Oregon: 2000.〕 The lookout structure (designated "Building 168") was constructed in 1932, and served the dual purpose of fire lookout and trail museum. The lookout location was selected by Merel S. Sager of the National Park Service Landscape Division.〔
Early detection and prompt suppression of forest fires was a primary responsibility of the National Park Service. Lookouts, like the one on Watchman Peak, were located on heights overlooking great expanses of forest area. The Watchman tower was part of the fire detection network for Crater Lake National Park which included a number of National Park Service, United States Forest Service and Bureau of Indian Affairs lookouts. A trained observer, usually a park ranger, manned the lookout and kept in contact with the fire dispatcher at the park headquarters on short-wave radio. During the 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps also provided observers. The National Park Service manned the Watchman Lookout Station during fire season until 1974 and intermittently since then.〔
Today, the Watchman Lookout Station has significant interpretive value. Since the lookout was built, there has been a major philosophical change in how forest managers deal with wildfires. The Watchman tower provides visitors the opportunity to experience the essential elements of 1930's era fire lookout. The accessibility of the site, the unobstructed view on all sides, and the use of native materials that blend the structure into the surrounding landscape combine to make the Watchman Lookout Station a unique and historically significant structure.〔 As a result, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.〔("Watchman Lookout Station No. 68" ), National Register of Historic Places, www.nationalregisterofhistoricalplaces.com, 12 March 2008.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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